Julie A. Schmittdiel, PhD

Affordable Care Act exchange enrollees in California and Colorado reported significant improvements in access to care and fewer barriers to receiving care due to costs.

Patients using mail order pharmacies have lower healthcare utilization, but somewhat less laboratory monitoring of persistent medications and slightly higher contraindicated medication use.

Patients with diabetes were more likely to have good medication adherence if they refilled their medications by mail versus at localpharmacies.

Care management patients experienced slightly greater improvements in CVD risk factor control than a set of matched controls. Both populations showed significant improvement over time.

When diabetic patients in 2 Medicare Advantage Part D plans reached the 2006 coverage gap, overall drug costs dropped as out-of-pocket costs increased.