Segment 4 - From Animal Models to Human Bodies

Although animal models have shown the anti-CTLA-4 antibodies boost the immune system, the human body is not so simple, Jianda Yuan, MD, PhD, said.

“Each patient, maybe each tumor, has a different profiling and the mechanism … may be different as well,” he said.

While there have been studies showing the potential for biomarkers, there need to be prospectively designed clinical trials to validate the data, he added.