World Health Day 2025 Focuses on Improving Global Maternal, Infant Health

In celebration of World Health Day, the World Health Organization (WHO) launched a year-long campaign today to improve maternal and newborn health globally.¹

World Health Day 2025 Centers Around Maternal, Infant Health

World Health Day is observed annually on April 7 to commemorate the founding of WHO in 1948 and to focus attention on a specific global health issue. In recognition of WHO’s 77^th anniversary, this year’s campaign, “Healthy Beginnings, Hopeful Futures,” urges governments and the global health care community to work toward ending preventable maternal and newborn deaths.

The campaign aims to raise awareness of gaps in maternal and newborn survival, advocate for investment in the health of women and babies, encourage collective action to support caregivers, and share essential information.

Challenges in Reducing Maternal Mortality Worldwide

A 40% decline in global maternal deaths from 2000 to 2023 was demonstrated in a new report released today by the United Nations (UN), with the maternal mortality ratio (MMR) falling from 328 to 197 deaths per 100,000 live births.² This progress is largely due to improved access to essential health services worldwide.

However, the report warns that progress has slowed significantly since 2016, with the COVID-19 pandemic and widespread humanitarian funding cuts severely disrupting maternal care. This particularly affects women in fragile and conflict-affected regions, where nearly two-thirds of all maternal deaths now occur. Pregnant women in these settings face dramatically higher maternal mortality risks, with lifetime risks as high as 1 in 24 in countries like Chad and the Central African Republic.

An estimated 260,000 women died due to complications from pregnancy or childbirth in 2023, equivalent to about 1 maternal death every 2 minutes globally. Despite notable progress, sub-Saharan Africa still accounts for about 70% of global maternal deaths.

To get back on track toward meeting the UN’s 2030 Sustainable Development Goal of fewer than 70 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births, the report calls for urgent investment in health systems, education, supply chains, and midwifery. Maternal mortality is currently declining at 1.5% per year, far below the 15% annual MMR reduction required. Without immediate action, the UN emphasized that this will remain a global health issue.

“Maternal mortality is not a mystery,” WHO director-general Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, PhD, MSc, said in the report. “We know why it happens, and we have the tools to prevent it. The question, therefore, is not whether we can end preventable maternal deaths, but whether we will.”

Global Disparities in Infant Mortality Highlight Urgent Need for Quality Care

WHO emphasized that the first month of life is the most vulnerable period for child survival, with 2.3 million newborns dying worldwide in 2022.³ Although neonatal deaths have declined by 44% since 2000, nearly half (47%) of all deaths in children under age 5 occurred during the newborn period.

Despite accounting for only 30% of global live births in 2022, sub-Saharan Africa was the site of 57% of all under-5 deaths. The region had the highest neonatal mortality rate worldwide, with 27 deaths per 1000 live births, followed by central and southern Asia, with 21 deaths per 1000 live births.

Globally, the leading causes of neonatal deaths include premature birth, birth complications, neonatal infections, and congenital anomalies. These conditions are often linked to inadequate care at birth or a lack of skilled care immediately after birth and during the first days of life.

However, WHO noted that women who receive midwife-led continuity of care by professional midwives who are trained and regulated to international standards are 16% less likely to lose their babies and 24% less likely to experience a pre-term birth.

The State of Maternal, Infant Health in the US

The US also faces significant maternal and infant health challenges, as highlighted by a 2023 report from the Commonwealth Fund.⁴ Despite spending the most on health care, the US had the highest infant and maternal mortality rates among all high-income nations in 2020. The report compared US health spending, outcomes, and service use with other high-income nations, such as Canada, the UK, and France.

The US had the highest infant mortality rate in 2020 at 5.4 deaths per 1000 live births. In contrast, Norway had the lowest mortality rate at 1.6 deaths per 1000 live births. Additionally, the US maternal mortality rate was over 3 times the rate in most other high-income countries, with 23.8 maternal deaths for every 100,000 live births.

The situation worsened in 2022 when the US Supreme Court overturned Roe v Wade, leading to 21 states banning or restricting abortion access.⁵ This change significantly altered both access to reproductive health care and how pregnancy complications are treated in these states.

The Commonwealth Fund's 2024 State Scorecard on Women’s Health and Reproductive Care revealed significant disparities across states, with Mississippi, Nevada, Texas, and Oklahoma among the lowest performers in women's health care access, affordability, and outcomes. Conversely, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Vermont were among the best-performing states in women's health and reproductive care.

The report also demonstrated growing racial and ethnic gaps in women's health outcomes, especially for women of color and those with low incomes, particularly in states with restricted access to comprehensive reproductive health care.

Last year, during a Senate hearing led by the US Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions, Senator Laphonza Butler (D, California) emphasized the need to address these maternal health care gaps.

“Our health care system and the state of maternal health in this country are at an inflection point that requires the urgent attention of this committee; the numbers should alarm all of us,” she said. “The United States has the highest rate of maternal mortality among high-income nations; within recent years, thousands of women have lost their lives due to pregnancy-related causes…The crisis is exacerbated in communities grappling with the lack of access to essential maternal health care.”

References

1. World Health Day 2025. World Health Organization. Accessed April 7, 2025. https://www.who.int/campaigns/world-health-day/2025
2. Trends in maternal mortality estimates 2000 to 2023. United Nations. April 7, 2025. Accessed April 7, 2025. https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/reproductive-health/maternal-health/trends-in-maternal-mortality-2000-to-2023.pdf
3. Newborn mortality. World Health Organization. March 14, 2024. Accessed April 7, 2025. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/newborn-mortality
4. Petrullo J. US has highest infant, maternal mortality rates despite the most health care spending. January 31, 2023. Accessed April 7, 2025. https://www.ajmc.com/view/us-has-highest-infant-maternal-mortality-rates-despite-the-most-health-care-spending
5. Grossi G. New report shows worsening health outcomes for women in states with abortion bans. AJMC. July 18, 2024. Accessed April 7, 2025. https://www.ajmc.com/view/new-report-shows-worsening-health-outcomes-for-women-in-states-with-abortion-bans