Sanket S. Dhruva, MD, MHS

Average prices are substantially higher but rates of complications are similar in hospital-based vs freestanding surgery centers for colonoscopy, arthroscopy, and cataract removal surgery.

Out-of-pocket costs required by Medicare prescription drug plans for drugs available through Walmart’s generic drug discount program have decreased from 2009 to 2017.

Medicare formularies were inconsistent in increasing restrictiveness to drugs that received FDA black box warnings for death and/or cardiovascular risk with safer available drug alternatives.