Integrating Bispecific Antibodies and Evolving Strategies in Relapsed/Refractory Follicular Lymphoma

Bispecific antibodies were developed to address the need for more precise and durable therapies in relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma, particularly for patients who no longer benefit from chemoimmunotherapy. Their ability to simultaneously engage T cells and target malignant B cells offers a powerful, chemotherapy-free mechanism that aligns well with the disease’s chronic, relapsing nature. Experience with these agents in other hematologic malignancies has demonstrated strong activity and manageable toxicity, lessons that will guide their use in follicular lymphoma. With the approval of epcoritamab, sequencing in the second-line setting now requires balancing efficacy, prior treatments, comorbidities, and patient preferences. Despite advancements, unmet needs remain, including resistance, long-term tolerability, and access to novel therapies. Continued innovation in immunotherapy and personalized treatment approaches is expected to help close these gaps in the coming years.