Lifestyle and Pharmacologic Interventions and Future the Role of Artificial Intelligence in CKD Screening

Mitigating cardiovascular risk in patients with CKD requires a combination of lifestyle modifications and pharmacologic interventions. Lifestyle strategies include maintaining a heart-healthy diet low in sodium and saturated fats, engaging in regular physical activity, achieving and sustaining a healthy weight, managing stress, and avoiding tobacco use. Pharmacologic approaches focus on controlling blood pressure, blood glucose, and lipid levels, often using ACE inhibitors or ARBs, SGLT2 inhibitors, GLP-1 receptor agonists, statins, and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, which have demonstrated both renal and cardiovascular benefits. Beyond traditional approaches, artificial intelligence (AI) has emerging potential to enhance CKD screening and risk stratification. AI algorithms can analyze large datasets from electronic health records, labs, and imaging to identify high-risk patients earlier, predict disease progression, and personalize interventions. Integrating AI-driven tools into clinical practice could improve early detection, guide therapy, and ultimately reduce the burden of cardiovascular complications in CKD.