Gianna Melillo

In individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D), sleep problems are associated with disturbances in cortisol responses to stress, in addition to changes in diurnal cortisol output, according to a study published in Psychoneuroendocrinology.

A recent analysis conducted by the Kaiser Family Foundation and The Joint United Nations Program on HIV/AIDS found donor governments spent $7.8 billion for HIV in 2019, a decrease of $165 million from the previous year. This number is similar to that spent a decade ago, despite a 25% increase of individuals now living with HIV in regions receiving the aid.

Heart failure yields the greatest 5-year mortality risk for individuals newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes (T2D) compared with any other heart or kidney diseases, according to a study published in Circulation: Cardiovascular Quality and Outcomes.

Racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic status disparities exist in uveal melanoma treatment and survival, according to a study published in JAMA Ophthalmology.

Between 2002 and 2015, data showed an increase in the percentage of intimate partner violence (IPV)–related emergency department claims paid by private insurance in the United States. This finding suggests the Affordable Care Act (ACA) may have increased women’s willingness and ability to seek medical attention for IPV-related injuries and disclose IPV as the source of the injuries, according to a study published in Women’s Health Issues.

A survey conducted among migraineurs in Genova, Italy, found that during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) quarantine, patients experienced fewer migraine attacks and less pain but exhibited moderate levels of depression correlated to migraine burden.

In survivors of childhood cancer, early initiation of annual breast cancer screening with MRI, with or without mammography, may reduce breast cancer mortality by half or more, according to a study published in Annals of Internal Medicine.

Increased particulate matter exposure is associated with worse dry eye metrics, after adjusting for humidity, according to a study published in JAMA Ophthalmology. The study also found that humidity is positively associated with dry eye metrics, potentially due to the fact that higher humidity increases microbial growth and subsequent particulate matter size and mass.

Individuals living with type 1 and type 2 diabetes (T1D and T2D, respectively) are at greater risk of bone fractures, according to a systematic review update published in Bone.

A recent article in the Journal of Head and Face Pain outlines strategies for migraine treatment without face-to-face visits, and describes ways health insurance companies can remove barriers to migraine care during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Between January and July 2020, The American Journal of Managed Care®’s (AJMC®) most-read stories ranged from breaking COVID-19 news to revisions of blood donation guidance.

Looking into a deep red light for 3 minutes each day may significantly improve declining eyesight, according to a study published in Journals of Gerontology.

The American Academy of Neurology (AAN) and the American Headache Society (AHS) released updated guidance on short-term treatment of migraine in children and adolescents.

Exacerbation of air pollution and heat exposure related to climate change are significantly associated with serious adverse pregnancy outcomes in the United States, results from a systematic review published in JAMA Network Open show. In response to increasing levels of ozone and particle pollution, 17 attorneys general this week called on the Trump administration to strengthen standards regulating particulate matter pollution.

Metformin-based therapy may be an optimal first-line treatment for patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and low cardiovascular risk, according to a systematic review and network meta-analysis published in Annals of Internal Medicine.

Aging and longer axial length are independent and significant risk factors for myopic maculopathy, according to a study published in JAMA Ophthalmology. The study also found the condition, which is the leading cause of irreversible visual impairment and blindness for middle-aged and older individuals, has a much higher prevalence rate in Japan compared with other Asian countries.

Female migraineurs tend to exhibit longer attack duration and greater frequency of nausea, vomiting, osmophobia, and vertigo/dizziness, compared with male migraineurs, according to a community-based study.

The Trump administration and Republican state attorneys general called on the Supreme Court to overturn the entire Affordable Care Act (ACA, also known as Obamacare). President Trump has endorsed repealing the ACA since his 2016 campaign, while Republican lawmakers have largely opposed the law since its inception in 2010.

Patients who undergo pneumatic retinopexy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment repair report superior vision-related functioning scores and higher mental health scores during the first 6 months post operation, compared with those who undergo pars plana vitrectomy, according to a study published in JAMA Ophthalmology.

Patients with rheumatic disease have a 2-fold increase in migraine prevalence and a 3-fold increase in neuropathic pain prevalence compared with the general population, according to a study published in the Journal of Clinical Medicine.

Preliminary data released by CMS show black Americans with Medicare coverage are nearly 4 times more likely than their white counterparts to be hospitalized for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

Currently, retinoblastoma (RB) occurs in 1 of every 20,000 births, making it the most common pediatric intraocular neoplasm. The cancer results from biallelic inactivation of the RB1 tumor-suppressor gene, which encodes the nuclear phosphoprotein RB protein.

In a review, researchers outlined the safety and efficacy of erenumab, the only monoclonal antibody built to interact with the calcitonin gene related peptide (CGRP) receptor rather than the CGRP itself, currently indicated as a preventive treatment for migraine.

Among Medicare enrollees, there was substantial between-practice variation in the use of second-generation diabetes drugs between 2007 and 2015, according to a study published in JAMA Network Open. Data also revealed a concentration of use among a few prescribers and practices, who were responsible for widespread early diffusion.

Regular physical exercise reduces the risk of developing age-related cataracts (ARC), according to a dose-response meta-analysis published in the International Journal of Ophthalmology. ARC is one of the leading causes of vision impairment throughout the world and is estimated to account for 13.4 million cases of blindness.

Regardless of smoking status, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is an independent risk factor for developing lung, colorectal, liver and other cancers in the Korean population, according to a study published in BMC Pulmonary Medicine.

Homeless individuals are more likely to be put on ventilators for respiratory infections than non-homeless individuals, according to research published in the Journal of General Internal Medicine.

Scientists at the Trinity College Dublin and University College London developed a new gene therapy approach that has the potential to treat a group of eye diseases known as retinitis pigmentosa (RP), according to research published in Stem Cell Reports.

Medical cannabis (MC) use results in long-term reduction of migraine frequency and is associated with less disability and lower antimigraine medication intake, according to a study published in Brain Sciences.