Ophthalmology

Fundus photographs of eyes with diabetic macular edema (DME) could be used to estimate best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) when artificial intelligence examines the pictures.

The most exciting treatment for inherited retinal disease was approved in 2017, but there are many novel treatments in phase 2 or phase 3 trials at this point, said Byron L. Lam, MD, professor of ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine's Bascom Palmer Eye Institute.

Childhood myopia progression could be treated with low-dose atropine due to the safety and efficacy displayed in this study.

Adalimumab had a slight advantage over infliximab in terms of adverse events when used to treat patients with noninfectious uveitis (NIU).

Insurance is by far the most important factor of whether patients followed up with treatment after getting screened for glaucoma, said Byron L. Lam, MD, professor of ophthalmology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine's Bascom Palmer Eye Institute.

About 69% of pediatric patients had discontinued amblyopia therapy during COVID-19 even as their parents reported that adherence was good.

Gene therapies like RGX-314 are looking to treat very common diseases in ophthalmology, which would represent a tremendous opportunity for chronic disease management, said Charles C. Wykoff, MD, PhD, of Retina Consultants of Texas and the Blanton Eye Institute at Houston Methodist Hospital.

Aflibercept was a less cost-effective treatment for retinal vein occlusion (RVO) compared with bevacizumab, although visual acuity outcomes were similar.

There is a concerted effort to identify biomarkers to understand the risk of progression of diabetic eye disease, but many studies have not been performed in diverse populations, explained Jennifer K. Sun, MD, MPH, associate professor of ophthalmology and chief of the Center for Clinical Eye Research and Trials, Harvard Medical School; and chair, DRCR Retina Network.

The relationship between myopia and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) was stronger in Asian, Black, and Hispanic individuals compared with White individuals.

When presented with a set of multiple choice questions used to help trainees practice for the ophthalmology board certification exams, the artificial intelligence (AI) chatbot ChatGPT was able to answer only half correctly.

The DRCR Retina Network is undertaking research to develop preventive strategies for diabetic eye disease, explained Jennifer K. Sun, MD, MPH, associate professor of ophthalmology and chief of the Center for Clinical Eye Research and Trials, Harvard Medical School; and chair, DRCR Retina Network.

Researchers found that eyeglasses with traditional steps of 0.25D were less effective and less preferred by participants compared with those refracted in 0.05D steps.

Gene therapy has the promise of being one and done, but it isn’t always that way for all patients, which leaves questions about where these therapies fit in the commercial landscape, said Charles C. Wykoff, MD, PhD, of Retina Consultants of Texas and the Blanton Eye Institute at Houston Methodist Hospital.

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) was found to have increased from 2003 to 2019, especially in Black and Hispanic children.

Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) that occurs in preterm babies can progress fast, which requires quick decisions early about treatment, explained Darius M. Moshfeghi, MD, chief, Retina Division, and professor at the Horngren Family Vitreoretinal Center, Byers Eye Institute, Department of Ophthalmology, Stanford University School of Medicine.

Perfluorohexyloctane (NOV03) was able to reduce the signs and symptoms of dry eye disease (DED) when compared with hypotonic saline control and was well tolerated.

While there are benefits of gene therapy, some patients will continue to need anti–vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy to treat wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD), said Charles C. Wykoff, MD, PhD, of Retina Consultants of Texas and the Blanton Eye Institute at Houston Methodist Hospital.

Treatment for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic macular edema (DME) for a single year was found to be lowest when using bevacizumab.

The Protocol AC study analyzed visual acuity gains and cost if patients with diabetic macular edema started on bevacizumab, which costs less, and switched to aflibercept later, explained Jennifer K. Sun, MD, MPH, associate professor of ophthalmology and chief of the Center for Clinical Eye Research and Trials, Harvard Medical School; and chair, DRCR Retina Network.

In their closing thoughts, the expert panelists discuss the future of the disease state and treatment options, and how they expect provider, patient, and payer value perception to change in the future.

The panelists discuss how payers can best engage with the retinal disease community on a provider and patient level.

The first FDA-approved therapy for geographic atrophy, pegcetacoplan, slows disease progression but does not reverse it, which means providers need to intervene early before there is too much irreversible damage, explained Eleonora Lad, MD, PhD, associate professor of ophthalmology, Duke University.

Dr Sheth discusses the evolution of access to treatment for AMD/DME over the past few years and initiatives to expand treatment access.

Joseph Coney, MD, FASRS, FACS, discusses switching anti-VEGF agents in the treatment of wet AMD and what payers should consider when switching anti-VEGF therapies.