The Medicare, Medicaid, and Dual Eligibles programs are on the verge of a significant transition under the Affordable Care Act. Coordinating care and improving population health outcomes will require these federal programs to move away from outdated fee-for-service models to ones that incent better quality and more cost-effective delivery methods. At America's Health Insurance Plans (AHIP) Medicare, Medicaid, and Dual Eligibles conference held on September 23-26 in Washington, DC, the sessions featured discussions that highlighted the role health insurance plans will play as these federal programs continue to evolve under healthcare reform.